The
tunica was completed by the toga, a large white
woolen cloak that wrapped around the body, leaving the right arm
free. It was made of a large woolen cloth cut with both straight
and rounded edges; it was not sewn or pinned but rather draped carefully
over the body on top of the tunic. Only male citizens were allowed
to wear the toga.
The
color of the toga was significant, marking differences in age and
status:
toga virilis also called toga pura: unadorned toga
in the off-white color of the undyed wool that was worn by adult
male citizens.
toga praetexta: off-white toga with a broad purple
border shown in the right-hand drawing. The only adults allowed
to wear this toga were curule magistrates (curule aedile
and above).
toga pulla: toga made of dark-colored wool worn during
periods of mourning.
toga candida: artificially whitened toga worn
by candidates for political office.
toga picta: purple toga embroidered with gold thread
worn by a victorious general during a triumphal parade and later
adopted by emperors for state occasions. A variant of this costume
was the toga purpura, an all-purple toga worn
by the early kings and possibly adopted by some emperors